Loto metsing a nooang e baka likotsi tse tebileng tsa bophelo bo botle, haholo-holo ho bana. Lintlha tsa UK tsa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba li hokela ho pepesehela bofokoli ba neurodevelopmental le mathata a boitšoaro.Lisebelisoa tsa li-valvee entsoeng ka thepa e se nang loto e thusa ho thibela tšoaetso. Lihlahisoa tse netefalitsoeng li netefatsa phano ea metsi a bolokehileng le ho sireletsa baahi ba tlokotsing litlamorao tse kotsi.
Lintlha tsa bohlokoa
- Lisebelisoa tse netefalitsoeng tsa li-valve tse se nang lead, joalo ka tse nang le tumello ea WRAS, li netefatsa metsi a nooang a bolokehileng ka ho thibela tšilafalo ea loto le ho fihlela litekanyetso tsa bophelo bo botle tsa UK.
- Ho khetha lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng tse kang DZR koporo, tšepe e sa hloekang, kapa li-plastiki tse tiisitsoeng ho ntlafatsa ho tšoarella ha valve le ho sireletsa boleng ba metsi ka nako.
- Tlhahlobo ea kamehla le tlhokomelo e nepahetseng ea li-valve li thusa ho thibela ho lutla le ho bola, ho lelefatsa bophelo ba tsamaiso le ho sireletsa bophelo ba sechaba.
Setifikeiti le Polokeho ea Lisebelisoa tsa Valve
Kamohelo ea WRAS le Melao ea Metsi a Nooang UK
Tumello ea WRAS e eme e le sesupo sa polokeho le ho latela lits'ebetso tsa metsi a nooang UK. The Water Regulations Advisory Scheme (WRAS) e etsa bonnete ba hore lisebelisoa tsa li-valve li finyella litlhoko tse tiileng ho sireletsa bophelo ba sechaba. Lisebelisoa li tlameha ho se be chefo 'me li bolokehe bakeng sa metsi a nooang, ho thibela tšilafalo mohatong o mong le o mong. Bahlahisi ba etsa li-valve ho hanela ho bola le ho senyeha, ho netefatsa ho ts'epahala ha nako e telele. Ho latela Melao ea Phepelo ea Metsi ea UK (Metsi Fittings) e ntse e tlama bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsohle.
Lisebelisoa tsa li-valve tse amohetsoeng ke WRAS li tlameha ho finyella litekanyetso tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa:
- Tšebeliso ea lintho tse sireletsehileng, tse se nang chefo tse loketseng metsi a nooang
- Ho lekana ha mochini le ho hanyetsa ho bola
- Saese e nepahetseng ho tsamaisana le lipeipi le litlhoko tsa phallo
- Litekanyetso tsa khatello le mocheso tse tsamaellanang le litlhoko tsa sistimi
- Mefuta ea likhokahanyo e tsamaellanang, joalo ka BSP e khoeleng kapa li-fittings tsa compression
- Litokomane tse netefalitsoeng tsa WRAS pele li kenngoa
Lisebelisoa tsa li-valve tse finyellang litekanyetso tsena li thusa ho boloka boleng ba metsi le botšepehi ba tsamaiso. Moralo le thepa ha ea lokela ho sebetsana le metsi kapa ho tsoa lintho tse kotsi. Setifikeiti sa WRAS se fana ka tiisetso ea hore sehlahisoa se ke ke sa senya polokeho ea metsi kapa ho tšepahala.
Maemo a Lefatše bakeng sa Lisebelisoa tsa Valve
Lisebelisoa tsa li-valve tse sebelisoang lits'ebetsong tsa metsi a nooang hangata li tlameha ho lumellana le maemo a naha le a machabeng. Litifikeiti tse 'maloa tse amoheloang lefatšeng ka bophara li netefatsa polokeho le ts'ebetso ea sehlahisoa libakeng tse fapaneng. Tsena li kenyelletsa:
- Kiwa Water Mark (Netherlands): Setifikeiti sa lihlahisoa tse amanang le metsi a nooang
- NSF (Amerika Leboea): Setifikeiti sa lipeipi tsa metsi le lisebelisoa tse amanang le metsi a nooang
- WRAS (Great Britain): Setifikeiti sa ho latela melao ea metsi ea UK
- DVGW-W270 (Jeremane): Setifikeiti se kenyeletsang tlhahlobo ea kholo ea baktheria
- ACS (Fora): Tumello e tlamang bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse amanang le metsi a nooang
- WaterMark (Australia le New Zealand): Setifikeiti se tlamang bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa lipeipi le tsa drainage
| Nomoro e Tloaelehileng | Tlhaloso | Sebaka |
|---|---|---|
| ISO 1452-4:2009 | Sistimi ea liphaephe tsa polasetiki bakeng sa phepelo ea metsi - PVC-U - Karolo ea 4: Li-valve | E koahela li-valve tsa PVC tse se nang polasetiki tse sebelisoang lits'ebetsong tsa phepelo ea metsi |
| ISO 1452-5:2009 | Sistimi ea liphaephe tsa polasetiki bakeng sa phepelo ea metsi - PVC-U - Karolo ea 5: Ho ikoetlisa ka sepheo | E etsa bonnete ba hore sistimi e sebetsa hantle molemong oa ho kenyelletsa li-valve |
| ISO 2531:1998 & 2009 | Liphaephe tsa tšepe tsa ductile, li-fittings, lisebelisoa le manonyeletso bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa metsi | E totobatsa litlhoko tsa li-valve tsa tšepe tsa ductile le lisebelisoa |
| ISO 11177:2016 & 2019 | Li-enamel tsa Vitreous le porcelain - Li-valve tse nang le enamelled le lisebelisoa tsa metsi a nooang | Litlhoko tsa boleng le tlhahlobo ea li-valve tsa enamelled phepelong ea metsi |
Litifikeiti tsa machaba tse kang ISO, ASTM, ANSI/ASME, DIN, JIS, API, NSF, le DVGW li fana ka litlhoko tse ngata tse fapaneng. Litekanyetso tsena li sebetsana le boholo, lisebelisoa, liteko, ts'ebetso le polokeho. Litifikeiti tse ikhethileng UK, ho kenyeletsoa Melao ea Borithane (BS) le BSI Kitemark, li tsepamisitse maikutlo melaong ea naha le netefatso ea boleng. BSI Kitemark e ananeloa UK le machabeng, e ts'ehetsa setifikeiti sa European CE mark. Litekanyetso tsa UK hangata li lumellana le litloaelo tsa Europe le ISO empa li boloka litlhoko tse ikhethang bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse itseng. Litumello tsa WRAS li totobatsa ho latela melao ea phepelo ea metsi UK, ho netefatsa hore lihlahisoa li kopana le litekanyetso tsa machabeng le tsa naha.
Se Boleloang ke Setifikeiti Bakeng sa Bophelo bo Botle le Tumellano
Setifikeiti sa lisebelisoa tsa li-valve se phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho latela molao le ts'ireletso ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba. Setifikeiti sa WRAS se tiisa hore li-valve ha li silafatse metsi a nooang kapa li baka litšila, li tsamaisana le melaoana ea phepelo ea metsi UK. Barekisi ba metsi ba itšetlehile ka lihlahisoa tse amohetsoeng ke WRAS ho qoba litlamorao tsa molao, joalo ka likotlo kapa qoso. Li-valve tse sa netefatsoang li ka lebisa tšilafalo, ho hloleha ha ts'ebetso, le likotlo tsa molao.
| Karolo | Tlhaloso |
|---|---|
| Tlhokahalo ea Molao | Lisebelisoa tsa metsi li tlameha ho ikamahanya le Melawana ea Metsi ho thibela tšilafalo, litšila le tšebeliso e mpe ea metsi Engelane le Wales. |
| Karolo ea Setifikeiti | Setifikeiti sa WRAS se fana ka tiisetso ea hore lisebelisoa tsa li-valve li finyella litekanyetso tsena tsa molao 'me li loketse ho kenngoa. |
| Ho phethahatsa | Barekisi ba metsi ba UK, joalo ka United Utilities, ba na le mosebetsi oa molao oa ho tiisa melaoana ena ka ho hlahloba lipeipi tsa metsi le ho fana ka litsebiso bakeng sa ho se ikobele melao. |
| Liphello tsa ho se Latele Molao | Ho tlola melaoana ke tlolo ea molao e ka lebisang ho qosoe, ho kenya ts'ebetsong liketso tse kenyeletsang ho khaoha ha phepelo ea metsi, le likotlo tsa molao. |
| Tšehetso bakeng sa Boikoetliso | Setifikeiti se thusa barekisi ba metsi ho netefatsa ho latela melao ea lisebelisoa, ho thusa tlhahlobo le mehato ea ts'ebetso ho sireletsa bophelo ba sechaba. |
WRAS ke mokhatlo o fanang ka tumello o entsoeng ka bafani ba metsi ba UK. Ba khothalletsa ho lateloa ha Melawana ea Phepelo ea Metsi (Metsi a Fittings). Ho sebelisa li-valve tse lumelletsoeng ke WRAS ke mokhoa o tšepahalang ka ho fetisisa oa ho bontša ho latela melao le ho qoba likotsi tsa molao.
Lisebelisoa tsa li-valve tse netefalitsoeng li thusa barekisi ba metsi ho boloka polokeho le ts'ebetso ea sistimi. Setifikeiti se ts'ehetsa tlhahlobo le ts'ebetso, ho netefatsa hore lihlahisoa tse lumellanang feela li kena 'marakeng. Ts'ebetso ena e sireletsa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba mme e ts'ehetsa botšepehi ba phepelo ea metsi a nooang UK.
Ho Kgetha Lisebelisoa tsa Valve tse Seng le Moeta-pele, le Zero-Leak
Bohlokoa ba Lisebelisoa tse se Nang Loto ho Li-Valve Fittings
Thepa e se nang loto e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho sireletseng bophelo ba sechaba. Melao ea UK, ho kenyeletsoa le Melawana ea Phepelo ea Metsi (Metsi a Fittings) 1999, e behile litekanyetso tse thata bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse kopanang le metsi a nooang. Baetsi ba meralo ea li-valve tsa li-valve ba sebelisa li-alloys tse kang koporo e thibelang dezincification-resistant (DZR), e fokotsang likahare tsa lead hore li se fete 0.25% ka boima ba 'mele libakeng tse metsi. Mokhoa ona o lumellana le litaelo tsa UK le European Union, ho netefatsa hore metsi a nooang a lula a se na litšila tse kotsi. DZR koporo e fana ka nako e telele le ho hanyetsa kutu, ho etsa hore e be khetho e ratoang bakeng sa mekhoa ea metsi a nooang. Litšepe tse sa hloekang le li-plastiki tse tsoetseng pele li boetse li fana ka mekhoa e meng e se nang loto, e tšehetsang ho latela melao le polokeho ea nako e telele.
Keletso: Kamehla netefatsa tumello ea WRAS ha u khetha li-valve. Setifikeiti sena se tiisa hore sehlahisoa se kopana le maemo a bophelo bo botle le polokeho ea UK bakeng sa litaba tsa lead le boleng ba thepa.
Lisebelisoa tse Tloaelehileng tse se Nang Moeta-pele tse Sebelisitsoeng UK Litlhophiso tsa Valve ea Metsi a Nooang:
- koporo e hanyetsanang le dezincification (DZR).
- Tšepe e sa hloekang (limaraka tsa 304 le 316)
- Lipolasetiki tse kopantsoeng (tse kang PVC, PTFE, le polyurethane)
Mefuta ea Lisebelisoa tsa Li-valve bakeng sa Mekhoa ea Metsi a Nooang
Lisebelisoa tsa li-valve li etsa mesebetsi e fapaneng ka har'a mekhoa ea metsi a nooang ea UK. Khetho e itšetlehile ka kopo, taolo e hlokahalang ea phallo, le ho lumellana le likarolo tsa tsamaiso. Lisebelisoa tsa li-hose li tlameha ho lumellana le bophara ba hose ho thibela ho lutla le ho boloka metsi a phallang hantle. Ho lumellana ha thepa ho ntse ho le bohlokoa, kaha ho ama tšireletseho le nako e telele.
| Mofuta oa Valve | Tlhaloso le Tšebeliso |
|---|---|
| Li-valve tsa Ball | Spherical disc controls e phalla; e tšoarella ka tiiso e babatsehang; e loketseng bakeng sa litlhoko tse tiileng tsa ho koala. |
| Sheba Li-valve | Thibela ho khutlela morao; etsa bonnete ba ho phalla ka tsela e le 'ngoe; bohlokoa bakeng sa thibelo ea tšoaetso; sebetsa ka bohona. |
| Li-valve tse Fokotsang Khatello | Ho theola khatello ea metsi a kenang maemong a sireletsehileng; sireletsa lipeipi tsa metsi ho senya le ho lutla; boloka ts'ebetso ea sistimi. |
| Li-valve tsa Heke | E sebelisetsoa ho emisa ho phalla ha metsi ka ho feletseng; e loketseng bakeng sa tlhokomelo kapa ho koala ha tšohanyetso; tiiso e tiileng le e bolokehileng. |
| Li-valve tsa Butterfly | Laola phallo ka disc e potolohang; e bobebe ebile e boloka chelete e ngata; e sebelisoang liphaepheng tsa bophara bo boholo; ho koala kapele. |
| Li-valve tsa Solenoid | E laoloa ke motlakase; e sebelisoang lits'ebetsong tse ikemetseng bakeng sa taolo e nepahetseng ea phallo; e tloahelehileng tshebedisong ya kgwebo/ ya indasteri. |
'Mele ea li-valve e ka sebelisa koporo e se nang loto, tšepe e sa jeleng paate, kapa lipolasetiki tse kopantsoeng. Litiiso hangata li na le NBR (Nitrile Buna Rubber) bakeng sa maro a sa nke lehlakore kapa EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) bakeng sa ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng. Lisebelisoa tse netefalitsoeng tse kang PVC le polyurethane li khothaletsoa bakeng sa li-hoses le li-couplings, ho netefatsa polokeho le nako e telele.
Tšebelisano 'moho le ho tšoarella ha lintho
Ho lumellana ha lintho tse bonahalang ho ama ka ho toba nako ea bophelo le ho tšepahala ha lisebelisoa tsa li-valve. Brass le tšepe e sa hloekang li fana ka matla a phahameng a mochini, empa khetho e fosahetseng e ka lebisa mathateng a kutu. Koporo e hananang le dezincification e hanela kutu 'me e boloka matla, ha tšepe e sa hloekang e fana ka khanyetso e ntle ntle le libakeng tse nang le chloride e phahameng, moo likoti li ka bang teng. Lipolasetiki tse kang PTFE li fana ka khanyetso e ikhethang ea lik'hemik'hale le ho thibela ho senyeha.
Lisebelisoa tsa li-valve li etsa liteko tse matla tlas'a setifikeiti sa WRAS, ho kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea maikutlo, liteko tsa kholo ea likokoana-hloko, le tlhahlobo ea ho ntšoa ha tšepe. Liteko tsena li etsisa maemo a sebele a lefats'e, ho netefatsa hore lisebelisoa ha li ame boleng ba metsi hampe kapa ho tšoarella ha sistimi. Balekane ba OEM ba tšehetsa bahlahisi ba nang le boitseanape ba tekheniki, ba thusa ho boloka boleng ba sehlahisoa nakong eohle ea bophelo.
Tlhokomeliso: Meralo ea Hybrid e kopanyang litšepe le lipolasetiki e tiisa ho tšoarella le ts'ebetso. Kamehla nahana ka lik'hemik'hale tse khethehileng tsa metsi le maemo a tikoloho ha u khetha thepa.
Ho Hloma, Tlhokomelo, le Thibelo ea Khoho
Ho kenya li-valve ka mokhoa o nepahetseng le tlhokomelo ea kamehla ho eketsa nako ea bophelo ea li-valve le ho thibela kutu. Litlhahlobo tse tloaelehileng li thusa ho lemoha matšoao a pele a ho khathala, mafome, kapa likoti. Litlhahlobo tse bonoang bakeng sa ho fifala ha mebala le ho lutla ho pota-potileng litiiso li netefatsa botšepehi ba sistimi. Mekhoa ea ho hloekisa e kenyelletsa borashe ka mochini, lisebelisoa tse sireletsehileng tsa lik'hemik'hale, le ho hlatsoa ka metsi kapa lihlapolli.
Basebelisi ba sebelisa likoahelo tse sireletsang ho sireletsa li-valve maemong a mabe a leholimo. Taolo ea tikoloho joalo ka taolo ea mongobo le ho kenya mocheso oa mocheso ho fokotsa kotsi ea kutu. Tšebeliso ea li-corrosion inhibitors-anodic, cathodic, mix, kapa volatile-e sireletsa li-valve nakong ea polokelo le ts'ebetso. Liphekolo tsa bokaholimo tse kang epoxy, PTFE, polyamide, le polyurethane coatings li matlafatsa ho hanyetsa ho bola.
- Litlhahlobo tsa ka mehla bakeng sa ho bola, ho felloa ke matla le ho lutla
- Ho hloekisa le ho hlatsoa metsi ho tlosa li-deposit
- Tšebeliso ea likoahelo tse sireletsang le taolo ea tikoloho
- Tšebeliso ea li-corrosion inhibitors le liaparo tsa holim'a metsi
Kotsi ea kutu e eketseha ka likhahla tse tlase tsa phallo, tse etsang hore lintho tse tiileng li theohe le ho theha maphao. Litefiso tse phahameng tsa phallo li ka lebisa ho khoholeho ea mobu le cavitation. Liaparo tsa ceramic le liaparo tsa polyurethane li ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa liphello tsena. Tlhokomelo e thibelang le ho lekola maemo li lula li le bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lelefatsa li-valve le bophelo ba pompo lits'ebetsong tsa metsi a nooang.
Li-valve tse tiisitsoeng, tse se nang lead, le zero-leak li sireletsa bophelo ba sechaba, li tšehetsa polokeho ea metsi, le ho fana ka boleng ba nako e telele.
| Molemo | Tšusumetso |
|---|---|
| Ho tšoarella | Teko e pharalletseng e netefatsa ts'ebetso e tšepahalang le ho boloka metsi. |
| Polokeho ea Metsi | Lisebelisoa tse se nang chefo, tse sa jeng li thibela likotsi tsa tšoaetso. |
| Tšepo ea Bareki | Setifikeiti se haha tšepo ho bafani ba metsi le botšepehi ba tsamaiso. |
LBH
Tumello ea WRAS e bolela eng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa li-valve?
Tumello ea WRAS e tiisa hore lisebelisoa tsa li-valve li finyella litekanyetso tsa tšireletso ea metsi tsa UK. Ba sebelisa lisebelisoa tse se nang chefo 'me ba etsa liteko tse matla. Barekisi ba metsi ba tšepa lihlahisoa tse netefalitsoeng ke WRAS bakeng sa ho li latela.
Keletso: Kamehla hlahloba setifikeiti sa WRAS pele o kenya.
Ke lisebelisoa life tse netefatsang li-valve tse se nang lead?
Baetsi ba sebelisa koporo ea DZR, tšepe e sa hloekang, le lipolasetiki tse netefalitsoeng. Lisebelisoa tsena li hanela kutu 'me ha li tlohe lintho tse kotsi. Li tšehetsa polokeho ea nako e telele ea metsi.
- DZR koporo
- Ts'epe e sa beng le mabali
- PVC le PTFE polasetiki
Basebelisi ba lokela ho hlahloba lisebelisoa tsa li-valve hangata hakae?
Basebelisi ba lokela ho hlahloba li-valve likhoeling tse ling le tse ling tse tšeletseng. Ho hlahloba khafetsa ho thusa ho bona ho lutla, ho bola le ho senyeha. Ho lemoha kapele ho thibela tšoaetso le ho lelefatsa bophelo ba sistimi.
| Khafetsa ea ho Hlahloba | Ketso e khothalelitsoeng |
|---|---|
| Likhoeli tse ling le tse ling tse 6 | Sheba ka mahlo bakeng sa ho lutla |
| Selemo le selemo | Opereishene e hloekileng le ea teko |
Nako ea poso: Aug-13-2025